What is a mode?
Good Question:
A mode is an “inversion” of a scale:
For instance if you start a scale on the 2nd note of the C major scale you will be playing “D dorian mode”.
THEN WHY DO PEOPLE FIND IT CONFUSING? HEY, MR JAZZ MAN!
That is because of “transposition”.
For instance:
We can transpose that “Dorian mode of D” to any tonic we desire.
In the example below it is transposed to C as the tonic. How did I do this? Well if the note D [Tonic of D dorian] is two 1/2 steps up from C then what is the note C two 1/2 steps up from? Answer is B flat. So we have a B flat scale staring on the note C. 
Below is a Clear explanation and diagram in music notation. Or for my free modes ebook CLICK HERE
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