Musical Analysis of Messiaen’s 5th and 6th Modes

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Hi Guys,

Today, a look at Messiaen’s mode 5 and 6 as a musical analysis and as compositional and improvisational music techniques.

Messiaen’s 5th Mode [of limited transposition] is well known for its semitones, two major 3rds and its tritone possibilities.

Messiaen mode5 sheet music diagram and example with music notation and guitar tablature.

Messiaen Mode 5 [5th mode 6 transpositions]

Messiaen’s 5th mode for our Examples:

Messiaen Mode 5 [5th mode of limited transposition]

Messiaen’s 5th Mode Extended

A sheet of music displaying Messiaen mode 5 with standard notation and tablature for guitar.
Illustration of Messiaen’s 5th mode showing scale runs and patterns for descending passages.

Making Scale runs: Messiaen mode 5:

Descending

A sheet of music notation with treble clef, displaying Messiaen's 5 mode of limited transposition.
Descending Messiaen Mode 5

Ascending

A sheet of music in 3/4 time signature featuring both standard notation and tablature for a guitar playing Messiaen mode 5.
Messiaen 5th mode Ascending

The next concept that works really well at the guitar is to employ chordal picking technique.

Most of these are based around the “Down Down Up” picking pattern.

Notice the use of Tritones.

Picking pattern = “Down Down Up”

Sheet music displaying a Messiaen musical composition with standard notation and tablature for guitar, featuring various notes and finger positions.
Messiaen 5th mode Cross Picking

Cross Picking/ Chordal Picking: With an open G string.

Messiaen mode 5 sheet music displaying guitar tablature with notes in 4/4 time signature, featuring various fingering positions and chords.
Messiaen 5th mode Cross Picking/ Chordal Picking:

Messiaen 5th Mode: Scale to chord Imitation device.

Messiaen mode 5 sheet music displaying notations for a musical piece, including treble and bass clefs, with notes and tablature for guitar.
Messiaen 5th Mode: Scale to Chord Imitation Compositional device.

Messiaen 5th mode: 3 octave scale imitation descending line

Messiaen's 5th mode of limited transposition sheet music featuring guitar tablature and standard notation in 4/4 time signature.
5th mode Messiaen Descending Run [Immitation]

Cross Picking part 2: Using 4 note tritone chords.

Picking pattern =”Down Down Down Up” Cross

Messiaen guitar musical notation showing a treble clef in 4/4 time with a series of notes, accompanied by tablature for guitar, indicating finger positions.
Messiaen Mode 5 D D D U Cross Picking Tritone guitar
Messiaen guitar  sheet of music notation with a 4/4 time signature, showing a melody on the treble clef and corresponding tablature below, indicating finger positions on a string instrument.
Messiaen Mode 5 Cross Picking Guitar Tritones

Notice the two open strings :

Open Strings Messiaen chords Mode 5 Guitar

Messiaen mode 5 sheet music displaying a series of musical notes in 4/4 time signature along with tablature for guitar.
Messiaen Mode 5 Cross Picking Guitar Tritones Open Strings

PART 2 MESSIAEN MODE 6

Messiaen mode 6 as used for this presentation.

Messiaen mode 6 sheet music displaying a melody in 4/4 time, featuring notes and tablature for guitar.
Messiaen mode 6 notation and guitar tab
Messiaen mode 6 with six transpositions

Messiaen’s 6th mode is great for manipulating “Diminished” and “Augmented” intervals.

Messiaen mode 6 musical notation with segments marked 'dim' and 'aug', showing various notes and chord symbols in 4/4 time signature.
Messiaen mode 6 notation and guitar tab

Mode 6 allows for this to be sequenced easily

Messiaen mode 6 sheet music notation for a guitar piece, featuring both standard notation and tablature, in 4/4 time signature.
Messiaen mode 6 Diminished and Augmented Sequences

Below is a descending Augmented sequence

Messiaen mode 6 musical score with sheet music notation and guitar tablature, displaying notes in 4/4 time signature and various finger positions.
Messiaen mode 6 Augmented descending sequence

For common sequences: The Augmented sequences move in tones whilst the Diminished sequences move in minor 3rds.

Although, Diminished intervals can move in semitones and tones. For Example:

Messiaen mode 6 musical notation displaying ascending diminished semitones, highlighted in red.
Messiaen Mode 6 Diminished intervals in Semitones

Messiaen mode 6 musical sheet with treble clef and guitar tablature in 4/4 time signature, featuring notes and finger positions.
Messiaen 6th mode

Getting back to our common sequences we can see below the brilliance of diminished intervals moving in minor 3rds with the employment of the simple triplet figure.

Messiaen mode 6 sheet music notation and guitar tablature displaying a musical composition in 4/4 time signature.
Messiaen mode 6 Diminished sequence

More examples of mixing up the Augmented and Diminished ideas to avoid the cliches and develop something fresh sounding

Messiaen mode 6 sheet music featuring a melody in 4/4 time signature with notes and guitar tablature below.
Messiaen mode 6 diminished and augmented mix
Messiaen mode 6 sheet music showing a melody in 4/4 time signature with guitar tablature underneath, including notes and finger positions.
Messiaen mode 6 diminished and augmented mix

We can also make interesting intervallic motifs from the notes of the Messiaen mode 6

Messiaen mode 6 music notation with a treble clef, featuring notes, rests, time signatures, and tablature for guitar.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds
Messiaen mode 6 musical score sheet displaying notes in standard notation and tablature for guitar, featuring a 4/4 time signature.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds
Messiaen's 6th mode of limited transposition sheet music notation with a treble clef in 4/4 time signature, featuring quarter notes, eighth notes, and various rhythmic groupings, accompanied by guitar tablature below.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds
Messiaen's 6th mode sheet music and tablature for guitar, displaying notes in 4/4 time signature with finger positioning indicated.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds
Messiaen 6th mode musical score featuring standard notation and tablature for guitar, including notes and finger placements.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds

Finally, we can employ a contrapuntal counterpoint “Mirror” compositional device to really manipulate this brilliant 6th mode of Messiaen.

Messiaen's 6th mode sheet music displaying musical notes and tablature for guitar, organized across multiple staves in standard notation.
Messiaen mode 6 Contrapuntal Mirror Compositional device

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Blue in Green Chords:John McLaughlin Guitar Voicing’s

Hi Guys,

Today, a look at the unique chord voicing’s of John McLaughlin’s take on the Bill Evans/Miles Davis classic tune “Blue in Green”.

These, are taken from Rob Carroll’s transcription from live at the Royal Festival Hall London album.

Here, are the chord voicing’s with the odd variation.

The first chord voicing has a barred shape that has the 4th finger fret the high note of G

Musical notation image showing John McLaughlin guitar chord voicing of D minor 11. Diagram highlighting essential chord notes.
Chord diagram for Dm11, illustrating finger placements and positions on the guitar fretboard.

From here, we have a lovely G7b9 chord voicing.

Musical notation depicting a John Mclaughlin G7b9 guitar chord voicing with corresponding fret numbers and tablature.
Chord voicing for G7b9 featured in John McLaughlin’s interpretation of ‘Blue in Green’.

This shape then falls nicely into the Cm9 shape,

Chord diagram for C minor 9 (Cm9) with finger positions shown on guitar strings for  John McLaughlin's interpretation of 'Blue in Green'.
Chord voicing diagram for Cm9 used in John McLaughlin’s interpretation of ‘Blue in Green’.

From here, we have one of John’s favourite chords the 13b9. [In this case it is F13b9]

Chord diagram for F13b9 with chord tones indicated on a guitar fretboard.  John McLaughlin's guitar chord voicing for 'Blue in Green'.
Chord diagram of F13b9, showcasing the voicing for this jazz chord.

This leads us nicely to BbMaj#11

Music notation for B♭ major chord including #11, with tablature for guitar showing frets 5, 7, and 6. John McLaughlin's chord for Blue in Green
B♭Maj#11 chord diagram, illustrating its unique voicing in the context of jazz guitar.

The next chord is A13 where the C natural note is then added creating A13#9

Sheet music showing the A13 chord notation and tablature, featuring notes and finger positions.
Chord diagram for the A13#9 chord, showcasing its unique voicing.

Once again, we have a barred chord with quite a wide stretch,

Musical sheet notation showing John McLaughlin's  D minor 7 chord with numbers 12 and 15 circled in red for blue in green.
Chord diagram for Dm7 showcasing finger placements and fret numbers.

Now we employ the classic 7#9 chord. In this case it is E7#9

And finally, we cadence to a lovely AmMaj7 with a 9th voicing

Guitar chord diagram for AmMaj7, showing finger placement on the fretboard with labeled frets for John McLaughlin's Blue in Green guitar chords..
Diagram illustrating the AmMaj7 chord with a 9th voicing for enhanced tonal richness.

OTHER VAIOUS CHORD VOICING’S USED IN DIFFERENT VERSES:

Here, we have another voicing for Dm9 with the bass resolving a half step to a 1st inversion A+ chord:

Musical sheet displaying the chords Dm9 and A/C# with a highlighted sharp note indicated by a red arrow.
Chord voicing for Dm9 leading to A/C# in a guitar lesson.

Here we have another simple barring chord for Cm9

Musical notation showing Cm9 and F7b9 chords on staff, with corresponding fretboard diagram for guitar.
Chord voicing for Cm9 and F7b9 in the context of John McLaughlin’s interpretation of ‘Blue in Green’.

The next voicing, is a lovely A7b9 voicing that resonates beautifully on the guitar

John McLaughlin's guitar chord diagram for A7b9 guitar chord showing finger positions and fret numbers.
A7b9 chord voicing for John McLaughlin’s Blue in Green guitar chords

This falls naturally into a diminished 7th voicing

Musical notation for E diminished seventh chord over A, showing finger placements for guitar.
Chord diagram of E7 diminished/A, showcasing a complex voicing that requires a wide stretch on the guitar.

This chord is probably the most difficult as it requires a wide stretch. [Please see video above for safe detailed fretting explanation]

John McLaughlin's blue in green Chord diagram for D7sus with tablature indicating finger placement on guitar.
Chord diagram for Dsus7, highlighting its voicing and finger placement.

To complete this verse we have a nice colourful cadence

Sheet music displaying the D7b9 and GMaj7#11 chord notations with corresponding finger positions on a guitar fretboard.
Chord voicings for D7b9 and GMaj7#11, including fretboard diagram.

Frank Zappa:Octave Displacement Composition/Improvisation Techniques

Frank Zappa Octave Displacement Composition/Improvisation Concepts

Hi Guys,

Today, a quick look at the way Frank Zappa exploits octave displacement.

This, is a really useful compositional device especially when writing for a string quartet or stringed instruments.

In this example we can see the use of the displaced octave [or Maj7th interval].

Musical notation showing a Frank Zappa transition between Maj7th chords, octave displacement with notes and annotations indicating 'O/D' and direction arrows.
Musical notation illustrating Frank Zappa’s octave displacement used in string instrument compositions.

With further analysis, we will notice the employment of the minor 3rd interval as a means of connection and predictive avoidance.

Musical notation displaying a Frank Zappa melody with highlighted minor third intervals, with annotations indicating their locations on the staff with octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating frank Zappa minor 3rd intervals in a compositional example.

Although, this phrase/motif descends a minor 3rd it is actually, [quite cleverly] copied up a semitone:

Music notation displaying two Frank Zappa motifs with labels indicating connections and copy relationships, by employing octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating Frank Zappa’s octave displacement and minor 3rd connections
Sheet music showing a Frank Zappa guitar piece in 4/4 time signature, including standard notation and tablature for performance with octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating octave displacement for string instruments, highlighting the use of minor 3rd intervals.

This example is the same as that found in Pat Martino’s 12 chromatic forms:

This amazing shape creates a really nice resonance/blend on the guitar. It’s also useful for various inversions and shifting positions around on the fingerboard.

Here, once again we see the exploitation of the minor 3rd interval to move and connect the shape.

A musical notation image displaying Guitarist Frank Zappa's use of octave displacement.
Musical notation demonstrating frank Zappa’s minor 3rd interval and octave displacement

This application employs everything that we have looked at so far in one short example.

Notice, the minor 3rd connection, the open string, the shape, etc. It all becomes familiar.

A segment of sheet music displaying Frank Zappa's musical notes in standard notation and tablature, labeled with annotations including 'M3rd' and 'Shape.' The time signature is 4/4.
Example illustrating the application of minor 3rd intervals and octave displacement shape.

The final example is similar in concept to our first one.

It has a motif/phrase which is connected by the minor 3rd interval, that, then copies it up a half step.

Sheet music showing Frank Zappa's  musical notation with labeled sections indicating a phrase or motif, a minor third connection, and a directive to copy up a step, along with the corresponding tablature for guitar.
Frank Zappa illustrating the connection of phrase/motif using a minor 3rd interval, copied up a half step.

Full Example:

Sheet music featuring musical notes and tablature for guitar octave displacement in 4/4 time signature.
Frank Zappa illustrating a composition example using octave displacement and minor third intervals.