Master the Whole Tone Scale with Simple Fingering

Hi Guys,

If there are two scales that I am always asked about, these are the whole tone scale and the diminished scale.

But, out of the two, it’s the whole tone scale especially!…And it’s due to the general textbook cumbersome and awkward fingering that puts guitarists off.

So, today let’s take a look at how to play the Whole Tone Scale with a simple fingering like that which we would employ for the pentatonic scale.

Standard textbook guitar fingering:

This, 3 note per string example above is a pretty uncomfortable and awkward affair that dosen’t flow and isn’t especially fluent for quick passages or phrases.

Well, the answer is to approach it like we would the pentatonic scale, so that we can move the SHAPE about and at the same time we can VISUALISE it.

Here, is a preferred fingering that uses mainly 2 fingers: This, like the pentatonic means that we can move about quickly.

Musical staff and guitar tablature showing notes and finger positions of the whole tone scale in pentatonic form with red slur and bend markings

What’s truly great about this fingering is that we can copy and repeat it exactly “Down 1 Tone or Up 1 Tone” each time right along the guitar fingerboard.

This means that we can easily exploit the scale, play it fluently and see it visually which in turn gives us complete command of it.

Now, that we can see and hear what we are doing and have a fluent fingering let’s make use of the scale harmonically.

To begin with, let’s use a flattened 5th interval [and Bb7] over a moving bass. [See video at the top of the page].

Now, let’s use this same harmony and create an [arpeggiated] chordal picking vamp:

Sheet music and guitar tablature showing a repeating whole tone scale triplet pattern with flat notes and finger positions on the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 10th frets

Again, it’s easy to see and hear how we can quickly create composition now that we can visualise a simple shape all across the guitar fingerboard.

What, also works really well from this visual whole tone approach is the exploitation of the high low high [or mirroring] effect.

EXAMPLE 1: High to Low

Sheet music with treble clef and tablature showing whole tone scale musical notes and finger positions on a guitar fretboard

Here, we will create a little phrase that’s going back and forth between the low and high registers.

EXAMPLE 2: Back and Forth

We will now apply this simple scale fingering to a classic Messiaen chord

Application and example:

Sheet music and guitar tablature for a Messiaen piece in Gb9b5/E chord showing notes and finger positions

Finally, we can come out of the shape and move up and down the fingerboard connecting the whole tone [1 step] movements.

So, let’s take a chord of C augmented with a 9th:

As we can see, it’s easy to move down the fingerboard shifting through scale and arpeggio along the way. [See, video above]

This was just a quick look at how essential it is to have simple fluid guitar fingering and simple 1 step connection for creating whole tone scale lines/phrases.

Having a “Visual” as well as harmonic understanding makes improvisation and composition so much easier with this scale.

And, as I have reiterated throughout this post, having a repeated shape only 1 tone apart makes the scale very user-friendly.

Musical Analysis of Messiaen’s 5th and 6th Modes

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Hi Guys,

Today, a look at Messiaen’s mode 5 and 6 as a musical analysis and as compositional and improvisational music techniques.

Messiaen’s 5th Mode [of limited transposition] is well known for its semitones, two major 3rds and its tritone possibilities.

Messiaen mode5 sheet music diagram and example with music notation and guitar tablature.

Messiaen Mode 5 [5th mode 6 transpositions]

Messiaen’s 5th mode for our Examples:

Messiaen Mode 5 [5th mode of limited transposition]

Messiaen’s 5th Mode Extended

A sheet of music displaying Messiaen mode 5 with standard notation and tablature for guitar.
Illustration of Messiaen’s 5th mode showing scale runs and patterns for descending passages.

Making Scale runs: Messiaen mode 5:

Descending

A sheet of music notation with treble clef, displaying Messiaen's 5 mode of limited transposition.
Descending Messiaen Mode 5

Ascending

A sheet of music in 3/4 time signature featuring both standard notation and tablature for a guitar playing Messiaen mode 5.
Messiaen 5th mode Ascending

The next concept that works really well at the guitar is to employ chordal picking technique.

Most of these are based around the “Down Down Up” picking pattern.

Notice the use of Tritones.

Picking pattern = “Down Down Up”

Sheet music displaying a Messiaen musical composition with standard notation and tablature for guitar, featuring various notes and finger positions.
Messiaen 5th mode Cross Picking

Cross Picking/ Chordal Picking: With an open G string.

Messiaen mode 5 sheet music displaying guitar tablature with notes in 4/4 time signature, featuring various fingering positions and chords.
Messiaen 5th mode Cross Picking/ Chordal Picking:

Messiaen 5th Mode: Scale to chord Imitation device.

Messiaen mode 5 sheet music displaying notations for a musical piece, including treble and bass clefs, with notes and tablature for guitar.
Messiaen 5th Mode: Scale to Chord Imitation Compositional device.

Messiaen 5th mode: 3 octave scale imitation descending line

Messiaen's 5th mode of limited transposition sheet music featuring guitar tablature and standard notation in 4/4 time signature.
5th mode Messiaen Descending Run [Immitation]

Cross Picking part 2: Using 4 note tritone chords.

Picking pattern =”Down Down Down Up” Cross

Messiaen guitar musical notation showing a treble clef in 4/4 time with a series of notes, accompanied by tablature for guitar, indicating finger positions.
Messiaen Mode 5 D D D U Cross Picking Tritone guitar
Messiaen guitar  sheet of music notation with a 4/4 time signature, showing a melody on the treble clef and corresponding tablature below, indicating finger positions on a string instrument.
Messiaen Mode 5 Cross Picking Guitar Tritones

Notice the two open strings :

Open Strings Messiaen chords Mode 5 Guitar

Messiaen mode 5 sheet music displaying a series of musical notes in 4/4 time signature along with tablature for guitar.
Messiaen Mode 5 Cross Picking Guitar Tritones Open Strings

PART 2 MESSIAEN MODE 6

Messiaen mode 6 as used for this presentation.

Messiaen mode 6 sheet music displaying a melody in 4/4 time, featuring notes and tablature for guitar.
Messiaen mode 6 notation and guitar tab
Messiaen mode 6 with six transpositions

Messiaen’s 6th mode is great for manipulating “Diminished” and “Augmented” intervals.

Messiaen mode 6 musical notation with segments marked 'dim' and 'aug', showing various notes and chord symbols in 4/4 time signature.
Messiaen mode 6 notation and guitar tab

Mode 6 allows for this to be sequenced easily

Messiaen mode 6 sheet music notation for a guitar piece, featuring both standard notation and tablature, in 4/4 time signature.
Messiaen mode 6 Diminished and Augmented Sequences

Below is a descending Augmented sequence

Messiaen mode 6 musical score with sheet music notation and guitar tablature, displaying notes in 4/4 time signature and various finger positions.
Messiaen mode 6 Augmented descending sequence

For common sequences: The Augmented sequences move in tones whilst the Diminished sequences move in minor 3rds.

Although, Diminished intervals can move in semitones and tones. For Example:

Messiaen mode 6 musical notation displaying ascending diminished semitones, highlighted in red.
Messiaen Mode 6 Diminished intervals in Semitones

Messiaen mode 6 musical sheet with treble clef and guitar tablature in 4/4 time signature, featuring notes and finger positions.
Messiaen 6th mode

Getting back to our common sequences we can see below the brilliance of diminished intervals moving in minor 3rds with the employment of the simple triplet figure.

Messiaen mode 6 sheet music notation and guitar tablature displaying a musical composition in 4/4 time signature.
Messiaen mode 6 Diminished sequence

More examples of mixing up the Augmented and Diminished ideas to avoid the cliches and develop something fresh sounding

Messiaen mode 6 sheet music featuring a melody in 4/4 time signature with notes and guitar tablature below.
Messiaen mode 6 diminished and augmented mix
Messiaen mode 6 sheet music showing a melody in 4/4 time signature with guitar tablature underneath, including notes and finger positions.
Messiaen mode 6 diminished and augmented mix

We can also make interesting intervallic motifs from the notes of the Messiaen mode 6

Messiaen mode 6 music notation with a treble clef, featuring notes, rests, time signatures, and tablature for guitar.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds
Messiaen mode 6 musical score sheet displaying notes in standard notation and tablature for guitar, featuring a 4/4 time signature.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds
Messiaen's 6th mode of limited transposition sheet music notation with a treble clef in 4/4 time signature, featuring quarter notes, eighth notes, and various rhythmic groupings, accompanied by guitar tablature below.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds
Messiaen's 6th mode sheet music and tablature for guitar, displaying notes in 4/4 time signature with finger positioning indicated.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds
Messiaen 6th mode musical score featuring standard notation and tablature for guitar, including notes and finger placements.
Messiaen mode 6 intervallic sounds

Finally, we can employ a contrapuntal counterpoint “Mirror” compositional device to really manipulate this brilliant 6th mode of Messiaen.

Messiaen's 6th mode sheet music displaying musical notes and tablature for guitar, organized across multiple staves in standard notation.
Messiaen mode 6 Contrapuntal Mirror Compositional device

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Frank Zappa:Octave Displacement Composition/Improvisation Techniques

Frank Zappa Octave Displacement Composition/Improvisation Concepts

Hi Guys,

Today, a quick look at the way Frank Zappa exploits octave displacement.

This, is a really useful compositional device especially when writing for a string quartet or stringed instruments.

In this example we can see the use of the displaced octave [or Maj7th interval].

Musical notation showing a Frank Zappa transition between Maj7th chords, octave displacement with notes and annotations indicating 'O/D' and direction arrows.
Musical notation illustrating Frank Zappa’s octave displacement used in string instrument compositions.

With further analysis, we will notice the employment of the minor 3rd interval as a means of connection and predictive avoidance.

Musical notation displaying a Frank Zappa melody with highlighted minor third intervals, with annotations indicating their locations on the staff with octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating frank Zappa minor 3rd intervals in a compositional example.

Although, this phrase/motif descends a minor 3rd it is actually, [quite cleverly] copied up a semitone:

Music notation displaying two Frank Zappa motifs with labels indicating connections and copy relationships, by employing octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating Frank Zappa’s octave displacement and minor 3rd connections
Sheet music showing a Frank Zappa guitar piece in 4/4 time signature, including standard notation and tablature for performance with octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating octave displacement for string instruments, highlighting the use of minor 3rd intervals.

This example is the same as that found in Pat Martino’s 12 chromatic forms:

This amazing shape creates a really nice resonance/blend on the guitar. It’s also useful for various inversions and shifting positions around on the fingerboard.

Here, once again we see the exploitation of the minor 3rd interval to move and connect the shape.

A musical notation image displaying Guitarist Frank Zappa's use of octave displacement.
Musical notation demonstrating frank Zappa’s minor 3rd interval and octave displacement

This application employs everything that we have looked at so far in one short example.

Notice, the minor 3rd connection, the open string, the shape, etc. It all becomes familiar.

A segment of sheet music displaying Frank Zappa's musical notes in standard notation and tablature, labeled with annotations including 'M3rd' and 'Shape.' The time signature is 4/4.
Example illustrating the application of minor 3rd intervals and octave displacement shape.

The final example is similar in concept to our first one.

It has a motif/phrase which is connected by the minor 3rd interval, that, then copies it up a half step.

Sheet music showing Frank Zappa's  musical notation with labeled sections indicating a phrase or motif, a minor third connection, and a directive to copy up a step, along with the corresponding tablature for guitar.
Frank Zappa illustrating the connection of phrase/motif using a minor 3rd interval, copied up a half step.

Full Example:

Sheet music featuring musical notes and tablature for guitar octave displacement in 4/4 time signature.
Frank Zappa illustrating a composition example using octave displacement and minor third intervals.