Master the Whole Tone Scale with Simple Fingering

Hi Guys,

If there are two scales that I am always asked about, these are the whole tone scale and the diminished scale.

But, out of the two, it’s the whole tone scale especially!…And it’s due to the general textbook cumbersome and awkward fingering that puts guitarists off.

So, today let’s take a look at how to play the Whole Tone Scale with a simple fingering like that which we would employ for the pentatonic scale.

Standard textbook guitar fingering:

This, 3 note per string example above is a pretty uncomfortable and awkward affair that dosen’t flow and isn’t especially fluent for quick passages or phrases.

Well, the answer is to approach it like we would the pentatonic scale, so that we can move the SHAPE about and at the same time we can VISUALISE it.

Here, is a preferred fingering that uses mainly 2 fingers: This, like the pentatonic means that we can move about quickly.

Musical staff and guitar tablature showing notes and finger positions of the whole tone scale in pentatonic form with red slur and bend markings

What’s truly great about this fingering is that we can copy and repeat it exactly “Down 1 Tone or Up 1 Tone” each time right along the guitar fingerboard.

This means that we can easily exploit the scale, play it fluently and see it visually which in turn gives us complete command of it.

Now, that we can see and hear what we are doing and have a fluent fingering let’s make use of the scale harmonically.

To begin with, let’s use a flattened 5th interval [and Bb7] over a moving bass. [See video at the top of the page].

Now, let’s use this same harmony and create an [arpeggiated] chordal picking vamp:

Sheet music and guitar tablature showing a repeating whole tone scale triplet pattern with flat notes and finger positions on the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 10th frets

Again, it’s easy to see and hear how we can quickly create composition now that we can visualise a simple shape all across the guitar fingerboard.

What, also works really well from this visual whole tone approach is the exploitation of the high low high [or mirroring] effect.

EXAMPLE 1: High to Low

Sheet music with treble clef and tablature showing whole tone scale musical notes and finger positions on a guitar fretboard

Here, we will create a little phrase that’s going back and forth between the low and high registers.

EXAMPLE 2: Back and Forth

We will now apply this simple scale fingering to a classic Messiaen chord

Application and example:

Sheet music and guitar tablature for a Messiaen piece in Gb9b5/E chord showing notes and finger positions

Finally, we can come out of the shape and move up and down the fingerboard connecting the whole tone [1 step] movements.

So, let’s take a chord of C augmented with a 9th:

As we can see, it’s easy to move down the fingerboard shifting through scale and arpeggio along the way. [See, video above]

This was just a quick look at how essential it is to have simple fluid guitar fingering and simple 1 step connection for creating whole tone scale lines/phrases.

Having a “Visual” as well as harmonic understanding makes improvisation and composition so much easier with this scale.

And, as I have reiterated throughout this post, having a repeated shape only 1 tone apart makes the scale very user-friendly.

Frank Zappa:Octave Displacement Composition/Improvisation Techniques

Frank Zappa Octave Displacement Composition/Improvisation Concepts

Hi Guys,

Today, a quick look at the way Frank Zappa exploits octave displacement.

This, is a really useful compositional device especially when writing for a string quartet or stringed instruments.

In this example we can see the use of the displaced octave [or Maj7th interval].

Musical notation showing a Frank Zappa transition between Maj7th chords, octave displacement with notes and annotations indicating 'O/D' and direction arrows.
Musical notation illustrating Frank Zappa’s octave displacement used in string instrument compositions.

With further analysis, we will notice the employment of the minor 3rd interval as a means of connection and predictive avoidance.

Musical notation displaying a Frank Zappa melody with highlighted minor third intervals, with annotations indicating their locations on the staff with octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating frank Zappa minor 3rd intervals in a compositional example.

Although, this phrase/motif descends a minor 3rd it is actually, [quite cleverly] copied up a semitone:

Music notation displaying two Frank Zappa motifs with labels indicating connections and copy relationships, by employing octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating Frank Zappa’s octave displacement and minor 3rd connections
Sheet music showing a Frank Zappa guitar piece in 4/4 time signature, including standard notation and tablature for performance with octave displacement.
Musical notation illustrating octave displacement for string instruments, highlighting the use of minor 3rd intervals.

This example is the same as that found in Pat Martino’s 12 chromatic forms:

This amazing shape creates a really nice resonance/blend on the guitar. It’s also useful for various inversions and shifting positions around on the fingerboard.

Here, once again we see the exploitation of the minor 3rd interval to move and connect the shape.

A musical notation image displaying Guitarist Frank Zappa's use of octave displacement.
Musical notation demonstrating frank Zappa’s minor 3rd interval and octave displacement

This application employs everything that we have looked at so far in one short example.

Notice, the minor 3rd connection, the open string, the shape, etc. It all becomes familiar.

A segment of sheet music displaying Frank Zappa's musical notes in standard notation and tablature, labeled with annotations including 'M3rd' and 'Shape.' The time signature is 4/4.
Example illustrating the application of minor 3rd intervals and octave displacement shape.

The final example is similar in concept to our first one.

It has a motif/phrase which is connected by the minor 3rd interval, that, then copies it up a half step.

Sheet music showing Frank Zappa's  musical notation with labeled sections indicating a phrase or motif, a minor third connection, and a directive to copy up a step, along with the corresponding tablature for guitar.
Frank Zappa illustrating the connection of phrase/motif using a minor 3rd interval, copied up a half step.

Full Example:

Sheet music featuring musical notes and tablature for guitar octave displacement in 4/4 time signature.
Frank Zappa illustrating a composition example using octave displacement and minor third intervals.

“In a Silent Way” Zawinul/McLaughlin Guitar Analysis

John McLaughlin/joe Zawinal “In a silent way” Guitar Analysis Lesson

Hi Guys,

Today, a look at the amazing performance/improvisation of “In a Silent Way” by John McLaughlin and Joe Zawinul.

The key to this is to look at the 16 bar structure and view the two main chords and acknowledge how the melody is/can be contained within them.

A notated piece of sheet music for Joe Zawinal and John McLaughlin "In a silent way" chords and melody.
Musical notation illustrating the chords E6/11 and Bm7/E for ‘In a Silent Way’ Zawinal/McLaughlin

So, from this simple chart we can observe that we have two main prominent chords. These are E6/11

Musical sheet showing an E6/11 John McLaughlin chord diagram with specific finger placements on a guitar neck.
Chord diagram for E6/11, highlighting its structure used in the performance of ‘In a Silent Way.’

and Bm7/E

Chord diagram for Bm7/E John McLaughlin chord featuring finger placements on the guitar fretboard.
Chord diagram for McLaughlin’s Bm7/E, illustrating finger placements and string usage.

Here, is how the 6/11 is exploited by John for the intro: So, instead of the plain minor 7th chords we have:

A music sheet showing chord progressions by John McLaughlin and Joe Zawinal labeled G#m Sub, F#m Sub, and Dm Sub with corresponding note positions indicated by numbers on the staff. This is for the song "In a silent way".
Chord chart showing G#m, F#m, and Dm substitutions with a pedal bass note for guitar improvisation.

Now, let’s loosely add some chords [Shapes] to the melody, and see what we can come up with,

EXAMPLE: Notice that the 1st note of each melody section [circled] fits perfectly within the chord shape.

A sheet of music by John McLaughlin and Joe Zawinal notation featuring various notes, chords labeled E6/11 and D6/11, with annotations indicating E/F# from "In a silent way"
Chord progression and melody outline for ‘In a Silent Way,’ highlighting E6/11 and D6/11 McLaughlin chords.

In terms of harmonising the melody and creating a nice ethereal or dissonant resonance on the guitar it is a really good idea to employ a pedal note.

In this case it is the low E string.

Example:

Sheet music displaying Joe Zawinal and John McLaughlin's "In a silent way" notes with a marked 'Pedal E Bass' section and tablature notation.
Notation example highlighting the use of a pedal E bass “In a silent way” in the chord sequence.

To conclude, we will cadence nicely with the 7sus4 chord and a little descending run back to the tonic chord of E Major.

A sheet of music featuring guitarist John McLaughlin's little bass run highlighted in red with annotations for A/B and E chords for "In a silent way" song.